Reference Ranges - Common Pathology Tests
Reference Intervals
topThe following reference intervals approximate the 95% confidence limits of values observed in healthy adults, unless specified otherwise. Test results are dependent on the method used and the conditions under which the analysis is performed. Although most laboratory methods are now standardised, differences between laboratories may occur. Individual results should ultimately be assessed using the reference intervals quoted by the laboratory that provides the test result. If any doubt exists, results should be discussed with the laboratory. The Royal College of Pathologists of Australia |
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Chemical Pathology
Values are for serum or plasma, unless otherwise indicated.
| Analyte | Specimen | Range |
| Sodium | . | 135-145 mmol/L |
| Potassium | -serum | 3.8-4.9 mmol/L |
| . | -plasma | 3.1-4.2 mmol/L |
| Chloride | . | 95-110 mmol/L |
| Bicarbonate | - (Total CO2) | 24-32 mmol/L |
| Anion Gap | . | 8-16 mmol/L |
| Osmolality | . | 280-300 mmol/kgwater |
| . | . | . |
| pH | - Arterial blood | 7.36-7.44 |
| pO2 | - Arterial blood | 11.0-13.5 kPa |
| pCO2 | - Arterial blood | 4.6-6.0 kPa |
| Glucose (venous plasma) | -fasting | 3.0-6.0 mmol/L |
| . | -random | 3.0-8.0 mmol/L |
| Creatinine | . | 0.05-0.12 mmol/L |
| Urea | . | 3.0-8.0 mmol/L |
| Urate | -males | 0.20-0.45 mmol/L |
| . | -females | 0.15-0.40 mmol/L |
| Phosphate | . | 0.70-1.50 mmol/L |
| Calcium | -total | 2.10-2.55 mmol/L |
| . | -ionised | 1.20-1.30 mmol/L |
| . | . | . |
| Albumin | . | 35-47 g/L |
| . | . | . |
| Globulin | . | 25-35 g/L |
| Total protein | . | 62-80 g/L |
| . | . | . |
| Alpha-1-antitrypsin | . | 2.0-4.0 g/L |
| . | . | . |
| Bilirubin | -total | 2-20 mol/L |
| . | -direct | <7 mol/L |
| . | . | . |
| Triglycerides | . | <2.0 mmol/L |
| Total cholesterol | . | <5.5 mmol/L |
| . | (National Heart Foundation recommendation) | . |
| HDL Cholesterol | -males | 0.9-2.0 mmol/L |
| . | -females | 1.0-2.2 mmol/L |
| . | . | . |
| Copper | . | 13-22 µmol/L |
| Magnesium | -neonate | 0.6-0.9 mmol/L |
| . | -adult | 0.8-1.0 mmol/L |
| Zinc | . | 12-20 µmol/L |
| Acid phosphatase | -total | 2.3-5.7 U/L |
| . | -prostatic | 0.4-1.9 U/L |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | -adult, non pregnant | 25-100 U/L |
| . | -growing children | 70-300 U/L |
| . | -bone isoenzyme (adult) | 10-20% |
| . | -liver isoenzyme (adult) | 40-60% |
| . | . | . |
| Alanine transaminase (ALT) | . | 5-40 U/L |
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) | . | 10-45 U/L |
| Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GOT) | -males | <50 U/L |
| . | -females | <30 U/L |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) | . | 110-230 U/L |
| Creatine kinase (CK) | -males | 60-300 U/L |
| . | -females | 30-180 U/L |
| Amylase | . | 70-400 U/L |
| . | . | . |
| Cortisol (peak diurnal) | . | 220-770 nmoI/L |
| Prolactin | -male | 150-500 mU/L |
| . | -female | 0-750 mU/L |
| Thyroxine | -total (T4) | 85-160 nmol/L |
| . | -free (Ff4) | 10-25 pmoI/L |
| Triiodothyronine | -total (T3) | 1.5-2.6 nmoI/L |
| . | -free (FT3) | 4.0-8.0 pmoI/L |
| Thyroid stimulating honnone (TSH) | . | 0.4-4.0 mU/L |
| . | . | . |
| Therapeutic intervals: | . | . |
| -Amitriptyline | 150-900 nmoI/L | 60-250 µg/L |
| -Nortriptyline | 200-650 nmoI/L | 50-170 µg/L |
| -Carbamazepine | 20-50 µmol/L | 6-12 mg/L |
| -Digoxin | 0.6-2.3 nmoI/L | 0.5-1.8 µg/L |
| -Lithium | 0.6-1.2 mmoI/L | - |
| -Phenobarbitone | 65-170 µmol/L | 15-40 mg/L |
| -Phenytoin | 40-80 µmol/L | 10-20 mg/L |
| -Primidone | 22-50 µmol/L | 4.8-11.0 mg/L |
| -Procainamide | 15-40 µmol/L | 4-11 mg/L |
| -Quinidine | 7-15 µmol/L | 2.3-4.8 mg/L |
| -Salicylates | 1.0-2.5 mmoI/L | 0.14-0.35 g/L |
| -Theophylline (adults) | 55-110 µmol/L | 10-20 mg/L |
| -Valproate | 350-700 µmol/L | 50-100 mg/L |
| Urine | . | . |
| Urine -Sodium | . | 75-300 mmol/24hours |
| Urine -Potassium | . | 40-100 mmol/24 hours |
| Urine -Chloride | . | 100-250 mmol/24hours |
| Urine -Urea | . | 420-720 mmol/24 hours |
| Urine -Osmolality | . | 50-1200 mmol/kg |
| Urine -Creatinine | . | 8-17 mmoI/24 hours |
| Urine -Calcium | . | 2.5-7.5 mmol/24 hours |
| Urine -Magnesium | . | 2.5-8.0 mmol/24hours |
| Urine -Phosphate | . | 10-40 mmol/24hours |
| Urine -Urate | -male | 2.2-6.6 mmol/24hours |
| . | -female | 1.6-5.6 mmol/L |
| Urine -Protein | . | <0.15 g/24 hours |
| . | . | . |
| Urine -Catecholamines | . | . |
| -Adrenaline | . | <80 nmol/24 hours |
| -Noradrenaline | . | <780 nmol/24 hours |
| -Dopamine | . | <3500 nmol/24 hours |
| Urine -Cortisol | . | 100-300 nmol/24 hours |
| Urine -4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate (HMMA) | . | <35 mol/24 hours |
| CSF | . | . |
| -Glucose | . | 2.8-4.4 mmol/L |
| -Protein | -adult | 0.15-0.45 g/L |
| -neonate (full term) | . | 0.10-1.20g/L |
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HAEMATOLOGY
| Values are for whole blood | . | . |
| Haemoglobin (Hb) | -adult male | 130-180 g/L |
| . | -adult female | 115-165 g/L |
| Red Cell Count (RCC) | -adult male | 4.5-6.5 x 1012/L |
| . | -adult female | 3.8-5.8 x 1012/L |
| Packed Cell Volume (PCV) | -adult male | 0.40-0.54 |
| . | -adult female | 0.37-0.47 |
| Mean Cell Volume (MCV) | . | 80-100 fL |
| Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH) | . | 27-32 pg |
| Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | . | 300-350 g/L |
| Leucocyte (White Cell) Count (WCC) | . | 4.0-11.0 x 109/L |
| Leucocyte Differential Count | . | . |
| -Neutrophils | . | 2.0-7.5 x 109/L |
| -Eosinophils | . | 0.04-0.4 x 109/L |
| -Basophils | . | <0.1 x 109/L |
| -Monocytes | . | 0.2-0.8 x 109/L |
| -Lymphocytes | . | 1.5-4.0 x 109/L |
| Platelet Count | . | 150-400 x 109/L |
| ESR- male | <50 years | 1-7 mm/hour |
| . | >50 years | 2-10 mm/hour |
| -female | <50 years | 3-9 mm/hour |
| . | >50 years | 5-15 mm/hour |
| Reticulocyte Count | . | 10-80 x 109/L |
| . | . | (0.2-2.0%) |
| . | . | . |
| Values are for plasma or serum, unless otherwise indicated. | . | . |
| Iron | -adult | 13-32 µmol/L |
| Iron (Total) Binding Capacity (TIBC) | . | 45- 75 µmol/L |
| Transferrin | . | 2.1-3.6 g/L |
| Transferrin saturation | . | >20% |
| Ferritin | -male | 30-300 µg/L |
| . | -female | 15-200 µg/L |
| Vitamin BI2 | . | 120-680 pmol/L |
| . | . | . |
| Folate | -red cell | 360-1400 nmol/L |
| . | -serum | 7-45 nmol/L |
| . | . | . |
| Values are for citrated plasma | . | . |
| Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) | . | 25-35 seconds |
| -Therapeutic Range for continuous infusion heparin | . | 1.5-2.5 x baseline |
| Prothrombin Time (PT) | . | 13-17 seconds |
| International Normalised Ratio (INR) | . | . |
| -Therapeutic range for oral anticoagulants | . | 2.0-4.5 |
| Fibrinogen | . | 1.5-4.0 g/L |
| . | . | . |
| In vivo test | . | . |
| Bleeding time | . | <9 minute |
| (Simplate 11- experienced operator) | . | . |
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IMMUNOLOGY
| Values are for serum. | . | . |
| Rheumatoid factor (Nephelometry) | . | <50 kIU/L |
| C3 | . | 0.9-1.8 g/L |
| C4 | . | O.I6-0.50 g/L |
| C-Reactive Protein | . | <5.0 mg/L |
| . | . | . |
| Immunoglobulins | . | . |
| IgG | . | 6.5-16.5 g/L |
| IgA | . | 0.8-3.7 g/L |
| IgM | . | 0.6-3.5 g/L |
| IgD | . | <0.4 g/L |
| . | Values are for whole blood. | . | . |
| Lymphocyte | typing (lymphocyte subsets) | . | . |
| Surface Antigen | Cell type | % blood Lymphocytes | Absolute numbers |
| . | Total lymphocytes | . | 1.5-4.0 x 109/L |
| CD2 | Total T cells | 60-90 | 0.6-2.4 x 109/L |
| . | (sheep RBC receptor) | . | . |
| CD3 | Total T cells | 55-90 | 1.6-2.4 x 109/L |
| CD4 (T4) | T helper/inducer | 30-63 | 0.5-1.4 x 109/L |
| CD8 (T8) | T suppressor/cytotoxic | 10-35 | 0.2-0.7 x 109/L |
| CD19 | B cells | 3-25 | 0.04-0.5 x 109/L |
| . | T4:T8 ratio 1.1-4.0 | . | . |
MICROBIOLOGY
| CSF Cell Count | . | <5 mononuclears x 106/L |
| . | . | No red cells or neutrophils |
| . | . | . |
| Antibiotic assays (serum) | . | . |
| . | Peak | Trough |
| Gentamicin | 5-10 mg/L | <2 mg/L |
| Tobramycin | 5-10 mg/L | <2 mg/L |
| Amikacin | 25-30 mg/L | <10 mg/L |
| Vancomycin | 25-40 mg/L | <10 mg/L |
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